一、提纲

二、写作

(一)对比选择类

简介

此类议论文旨在在两种或几种类似的事物中比较其优缺点，说明自己的看法，并加以论证。一般包括

对某一事情存在多种看法和分歧；(2)分析比较几种不同的看法；(3)给出你的倾向和理由。

如 ，Lectures and Discussions A.—些学生赞成讲座式的教学； B.—些学生偏爱讨论式的教学； C.我的看法。

再如，Reading Selectively or Extensively?

A.有人认为读书要有选择； B.有人认为应当博览群书；

C.我的看法。

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对比选择类写作一般包括四个部分：

导言：引入即将展开的话题，提供话题背景。

第一种选择：陈述第一种选择、观点的内容并分析其原因或后果。(3)第二种选择：陈述第二种选择、观点的内容并分析其原因或后果。

(4)结论：陈述自己的看法，表明自己的选择(或陈述与观点 1、2 不同的新观点)，分析原因或优势。

Answers to the question vary greatly from person to person.Some people are in favor of the idea of     .

On the one hand,     . On the other hand,     .

However, other people think that     . Firstly,     .Secondly,         .Finally,         . In my opinion, there’s some truth in both arguments. It’s true that     . But     .

范文

Sample 1：Intelligence -Nature or Nurture?

A.—些人认为智力是天生的； B.—些人认为是后天培养的； C.我的看法。

Intelligence -Nature or Nurture?

Most people like to discuss IQ. In their minds, some people are born clever, while others born stupid. I want to say that intelligence is developed both by environment and experience.

On one hand, if we choose two people at random from the crowd, we will find that their intelligence is completely different. However, if we take two identical twins for example, their intelligence is quite similar. Therefore, a conclusion can be drawn that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. The closer two people are related, the closer they are intellectually.

On the other hand, if the two identical twins are put in different   environments, such as in some films, one is   in the city, while the other in the country, and several years later, we will find that their intelligence is quite different, which indicates that environment does play a crucial role in our intelligence.

Just as every coin has two sides, our intelligence is partly born and partly developed. The   only way to   develop our intelligence is that we should both have intelligent parents and satisfactory environments.

Sample 2：Should Euthanasia (安乐死) Be Legalized?

A.有人赞成实行安乐死； B.有人反对安乐死合法化；

C.我的看法。

Should Euthanasia Be Legalized?

Should Euthanasia Be Legalized? Answers to the question vary greatly from person to person. Some people are in favor of the idea of euthanasia. On the one hand, it can benefit the patient. To a terminally ill person who is suffering from unbearable pains day and night, to be allowed to end his /her life painlessly is a good relief. On the other hand, it can also benefit the patients family. To his /her family, it is a heavy burden both financially and emotionally when they make every effort to sustain his /her life in vain.

However, other people think that the legalization may bring about some problems. Firstly, they argue that it   is inhumane to make a terminally ill person who does not want to die feel guilty of remaining alive. Secondly, it’s also insensible that a patient is killed simply because of a mistaken terminal diagnosis. Finally, it is possible that euthanasia could be taken advantage of for criminal purpose.

In my opinion, there’s some truth in both arguments. It’s true that the legalization of euthanasia will raise serious moral and social issues. But with out euthanasia, I wonder whether or not doctors can come up with a   better way to lessen the pain of the terminally ill patients.

(二)利弊分析类

简介

利弊分析类短文要求针对某一事物或现象从正反两方面分析其优缺点，然后表明自己对该事物或现象的看法。

如，Positive and Negative Aspects of Sports

A.运动的积极方面； B.运动的消极方面； C.我的态度。

又如，Two-day Weekend

双休日给大学生带来的好处；

双休日给大学生可能带来的坏处； C.我如何度过双休日的。

注意：在分析利弊时需明确有利或不利因素(积极或消极影响)，或者兼而有之。对影响或利弊的分析要有序阐述和展开，从而体现主体部分的论述层次和连贯性。

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此类短文常见的命题包括：

陈述某事物或现象；

分析该事物或现象的优缺点(3)我的态度或看法。

There are many arguments about the advantages and disadvantages of     .Some people think     is the only best way to     .Generally speaking,     . For example,     .

However, on the other hand, some hold that     . To begin with,     . Besides,     . Worst of all,     .

In my opinion, we should     .

范文

Sample 1：Automobile

A.汽车在人们生活中的重要作用； B.汽车给人们带来的一系列的问题； C.结论

Automobile

Automobiles as the product of modern civilization, have been playing a vital part in the daily activities of human society. People benefit a lot from automobiles. Industry needs automobiles for transportation. Agriculture also needs automobiles for transportation. Everyday, automobiles drive people to or from work. At weekend, automobiles take families to joyful outings. And during traveling seasons, automobiles are a common sight everywhere, even in remote areas. It can be said that the wheels of automobiles move human society forward.

But automobiles have also given rise to a series of problems. For example, cities are overcrowded with automobiles. They make big noises and cause traffic accidents which disable or kill many people each year. Worst of all, perhaps, the air is polluted by the gases produced by automobiles. Some of the gases are poisonous and dangerous to health.

In conclusion, automobiles, like anything else, have more than face. While they are so indispensable to mankind, they also bring us serious problems. It is only hoped that mankind will eventually find satisfactory solutions to the problems while making the best of automobiles.

Sample 2：The Effects of Exercise on our Health

有人认为锻炼有益；

有人认为锻炼也存在一些问题； C.我的看法。

The Effects of Exercise on our Health

As is known to all, exercise does bring a lot of benefits to our health. First, it can greatly strengthen our hearts, lungs, bones and muscles, thereby changing our whole health for the better. Besides, it can make our brains better able to react to what is going on around us. And best of all, it can help us breed optimism about our tough life.

But all above does not mean that we can turn a blind eye to the negative effects exercise brings about. If you are normally inactive and then contrary to your usual habit, start a program of undue exercise, as a succession of scientific studies reveals, there are more chances that you have yourself injured. In addition, the more exercise those on a fat-reducing diet take, the more loss of iron they will suffer and the worse their health will get. And worst of all, continual as well as excessive exercise can result in sudden death.

Therefore, a scientific approach must be adopted to the problem of exercise. On the one hand, our physical exercise must be based on both progressiveness and regularity. On the other hand, we must go in for physical exercise according to local as well as health conditions of our own. In sum, exercise can do us good or harm, all depending on how we make use of it.

(三)原因分析类

简介

原因分析类主要要求针对某一事物或现象从多方面、多角度分析其原因，或是直接和间接原因，或是表面和深层原因，或是主观和客观原因，然后表明自己对该事物或现象的看法。

如，The Urban Expansion A.陈述城市扩张的现状； B.分析城市扩张的原因； C.我的看法。

再如，Teenagers Smoking A.简述青少年吸烟的现象； B.分析青少年吸烟的原因； C.我的态度。

模板

原因分析类短文主体部分一般也包括三大个部分：

开头：陈述某种现象、问题(2)正文：分析原因所在

(3)结束：自己的看法或态度

Nowadays,         . More and more     . What is to account for     ? First,     .That is why     .

Second,     . For example,     . Last but not least,     .

范文

My View on the post-graduate Craze.

目前考研究生形成热潮

我认为这股热潮的原因是......

My View on the Post-graduate Craze

Nowadays, millions of college students will sit in for the post-graduate entrance examination. More and more students have regarded the pursuing of a master degree as an indispensable part of their education. What is to account for their enthusiasm for a post-graduate diploma? The reasons are listed as follows.

In the first place, it is the demand of the time. At an age of knowledge updating and information explosion, what you have learned in college can hardly meet the demand of society. Talents of high quality who are equipped with the latest knowledge and skills will be needed more than ever. That is why many students will further their studies.

In the second place, we all recognize that the more education you have, the more likely you are to succeed. Compared with those without a master degree, masters will enjoy more preferential treatment, for example, better salaries, more opportunities for promotion and training. A post-graduate degree can guarantee a more promising career.

Last but not least, with the graduation of a large number of college students, competition for jobs becomes more and more fierce. One way to gain some advantages over others is to have a higher degree.

No wonder millions of students will consider pursuing a post-graduate degree.

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